can you explain more "pran fil". No English translations in your examples please. I want to read through them and try to understand.....

pran fil - expression for to be succeeding at something, to thrive, to progress, to flourish

1. Apre sèlman de jou nan klas Kreyòl la blan meriken an fin pran fil nèt nan lang lan.  Lotrejou tout moun kanpe sou ran pou gade l k'ap fè pri tenkantenk ak yon machann an Kreyòl.

2. Li gen twa mwa sèlman nan travay, li gentan pran fil nèt.  Kounye a se li'k manadjè.

3. Anna apenn vin abite nan vwazinay la, men tout vwazen gentan konn non l.  Tout moun se zanmi l.  Li fin pran fil nan katye a.

4. Biznis la ouvè de pi dezan, li pa janm pran fil.  Sanble yo pral oblije fèmen l.

Haitian Creole ↔ English Reference, Look up Haitian Creole and English Words

How do you use OLYE (instead) here? "I'll have water instead"

You should use PITO here.
olye - in place of, rather than, instead of
pito adv - instead, preferably, rather

FYI: pito v → to prefer; it is preferable that, it is better to

1. I'll have water instead.
    M'ap pran dlo pito.
    but you can say:
    I'll have water instead of coffee.
    Olye kafe, m'ap pran dlo.

2. Let's go to the movies instead.
    Ann al nan sinema pito.
    or you can say:
    Olye pou n al nan konsè a, pa pito n t'al nan sinema.
    Instead of the concert, what if we go to the movies?

3. I prefer to have a salad instead.
    Mwen pito pran yon salad.

4.  Olye pou ap gaspiye tan w la a, pa pito ou te tounen lekòl.
      Instead of wasting your time here, wouldn't it be better if you went back to school?

5. Olye pou ap babye pou frijidè a ki vid, pa pito w ta al fè makèt.
     Instead of nagging about the empty fridge, why don't you go to the market?

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Madanm, In the sentence, "M ka ba ou senkannsenk (ou, oswa, osnon e oubyen) swasannsenk goud. Are the words for "or" in brackets ALL interchangeable? In other words, is each of the four words correct in this sentence? Mesi anpil.

Yes they are.
Or - ou, oubyen, onswa, ouswa, osinon, osnon

These conjunctions can also be used to translate:

osnon  (osinon) → or, otherwise, or rather
1. Lè yon fanmi w osinon yon zanmi w trayi w, sa kapab afekte anpil.
    When a family or a friend betrays you, that can affect you a lot.

2. Tout sa mesye sa a di, kit se byen osnon mal, moun toujou aplodi l.
    Everything this man says, whether is good or bad, people always applaud him.

Ou/oubyen/onswa ... ou/oubyen/onswa → either ... or


3.  Onswa ou sèvi Bondye onswa ou sèvi lajan.  Ou pa kapab fè toude.
     Either you serve God or money.  You can't do both.

4.Oubyen ou menm onswa mari w ka vin chache l.
    Either you or your husband  can come pick it up.  


Haitian Creole ↔ English Reference, Look up Haitian Creole and English Words

qu'est que ça veut dire "tonsiton"?

tonsiton - matching colors, coordinating colors.

Mesye a abiye tonsiton.
The man is dressed in coordinating colors. (His clothes, shoes, sock, ties match fashionably well)

Haitian Creole ↔ English Reference, Look up Haitian Creole and English Words

Is there any way usually used to differentiate we from you (plural)?

No.  Not in H. Creole.  You may have to look within the context of the paragraph or sentence to find out if the word "nou" means we/us/our or if it's you (plural).

Haitian Creole ↔ English Reference, Look up Haitian Creole and English Words

Madanm, In "bye a, diven an e wiski la" do you eventually know which article to use by sound, or is it by rules of grammer only? I guess what I am saying is, do you just learn which article to use when you learn a particular word? So far I have not had much difficulty in memorizing which article to use when I learn a certain word. Mesi Madanm.

The Haitian Creole grammar makes it easier to know which def. article to use.
It says to go by the -ending of the words...

P.S.  the word "wiski" will take another vowel, not "la".  After reviewing the following rules, would you like to figure out which def article goes after "wiski"?

After a vowel (vwayèl bouch) (a, e, è, i, o, ò), we use "a":
examples:
kò a
matla a
mont Kendra a

after a consonant (t, y, l, d, etc....), we use "la"
examples:
pitit la
kay la
mayo Pòl la

After an "m" or "n" sound (machin, fanm, kazèn) we use "nan" - sometimes people use "lan"
examples:
madanm nan
mwa desanm nan
chemiz Edison lan

After a nasal vowel sound (an, on, en), we use "an"
examples:
pen an
pon an
Sa se òdinatè mwen an.

After a consonant which follows a nasal sound/vowel (vwayèl nen), we use "lan"
examples
mant lan
monnonk lan
matant lan

and then you will use the nasal "an" or "lan" if the word sounds nasal, no matter what the ending is:
examples:
zanmi an
fanmi an
lanmou an
Ban'm pitit la or Ban'm pitit lan.


Haitian Creole ↔ English Reference, Look up Haitian Creole and English Words

How would you translate "is for" like "Anything that happens is for a reason." Do you use se?

Yes.

Anything that happens is for a reason.
Tout bagay ki rive se pou yon rezon.

Haitian Creole ↔ English Reference, Look up Haitian Creole and English Words

Regarding your answer for "sa k fe sa" meaning "why" - can you as a 'why' question with is. "Why didn't you go?" I can say "POUKISA OU PA TE ALE" or "SA K FE SA OU PA TE ALE "?

If you choose to use 'Sa'k fè sa', you should write it without "sa":

1.
Sa'k fè ou pa te ale?
Why didn't you go?

other examples:

2.
Sa'k fè w kontan konsa?
Why are you so happy?

3.
Sa'k fè ou pa't di l sa?
Why didn't you tell him/her that?

Remember the Creole term Se sa'k fè - that is why? see link.

Haitian Creole ↔ English Reference, Look up Haitian Creole and English Words

'yon ti jan a goch' Kisa li vle di isit la? "Nou pa p gen ta pase kay joanne paske wout kay li yon ti jan a goch"

agoch vle di 'a little bit out of the way" nan fraz sila a.

Haitian Creole ↔ English Reference, Look up Haitian Creole and English Words

Ale kotew vle, mouri kotew ou te dwe??

Ale kote w vle, mouri kote w dwe.
You don't get to choose how you die.

Haitian Creole ↔ English Reference, Look up Haitian Creole and English Words

Could you please explain ADEKE and use in a sentence?

Do you mean "adekè"?

adekè (lit. with two hearts) - with hesitation, with reluctance
It's used to indicate that you're rendering a service, or you're giving something away; but you're doing it without eagerness or willingness.
Example:

1. Si w'ap ede m ak de kè, pito w pa ede m ditou.
    If you're helping out and you have regret about it, it's better that you don't help me at all.

2. Nou bay mandyan an kòb la adekè paske nou pa konnen si se manje oubyen dwòg li pral achte avè l.
    We gave the beggar the money with reluctance because we don't know whether he's going to use it for food or drugs.

   
Haitian Creole ↔ English Reference, Look up Haitian Creole and English Words

"From" continues to confuse me...I found a Jan 2013 post where you used 'moun' as 'from.' Is this the same as 'soti'? Mesi.

You can use 'MOUN" when indicating origin such as
Mwen se moun New york
I am a person of New York (literally)
I am from New York.

Li se moun Alabama.
She is from Alabama.

So yes,  it means the same as "Mwen soti New York" or "Mwen soti Alabama"

If you haven't done so already, check this link: Using FROM in Creole
And I have also used "moun" in the audio post titled Nan Estasyon Bis la

Can you explain the rules for the mwen to m' contraction?

"MWEN" can be used as personal pronoun: I or ME
"MWEN" can be replaced with contraction "m".
example:
1. Mwen te wè li.
    or 
   M te wè li.
   I saw it.

2. Rele mwen lè w rive.
    or
    Rele m lè w rive.
    Call me when you arrive.

"MWEN" can be used as possessives: MY, MINE (singular or plural)
example
3. pitit mwen - my child
4. pitit mwen yo - my children
Do not use contraction after a word that end with a consonant.
The word "pitit" ends with "t" which is a consonant.  So you cannot say "pitit m".  You will always say "pitit mwen".

5. pye mwen or pye m - my foot
The word "pye" ends with a vowel "e" which is a vowel, so you can say "pye mwen" or "pye m"

6. kesyon mwen or kesyon m - my question
The word "kesyon" ends with a nasal vowel "on", so you can say "kesyon mwen" or "kesyon m"

Sometimes a definite article may come after MWEN:
7. kesyon mwen an or kesyon m nan. - my question
8. kesyon mwen yo or kesyon m yo - my questions

We do not use contractions after these prepositions POU, NAN, SOU at the end of a sentence:

9. Malèt la tonbe sou mwen.
   You cannot say
   Malèt la tonbe sou m.

10. Fè sa pou mwen tanpri.
      you cannot say
     Fè sa pou m tanpri

11. Lespri Bondye te desann sou mwen
     you cannot say
     Lespri Bondye te desann sou m.


Haitian Creole ↔ English Reference, Look up Haitian Creole and English Words

How many "yo" can a sentence handle? Does this sound grammatically correct to you? "Yo te louvri kay yo ak bra yo pou yo te ka akeyi moun yo ki te vin travay nan klinik yo"

wow... that's a lot of "yo" for that little sentence :)  You are probably reading it within the context of a paragraph. I would replace the first "yo" with the subject and remove the plural article "yo" which comes right after "moun".
Haitian Creole ↔ English Reference, Look up Haitian Creole and English Words

pousyè pye miyò pase pousyè chita?? -kisa ki 'pousyè chita'?

Se dwe pousyè ki akimile nan peryòd inaktivite.
Pawòl sa a sanble vle di ke "Se aktivite ak debouya ki mennen pousyè pye; donk kalewès ak parès mennen 'pousyè chita' ".
Haitian Creole ↔ English Reference, Look up Haitian Creole and English Words